FatDex

Creating your first Powershell GUI – Part 3

by Dexter on September 22, 2020 at 14:55

Posted In: IT Blog

Getting caught up?

Part 1 – Creating a simple GUI
Part 2 – Adding variables, added functionality
Part 3 – (that’s where we are)

In this post, I’ll be adding some error checking in the form of a function. In a late article, I may revisit this and re-write some of these functions to clean up the code.

For now, we’ll focus on the following:

Creating a secondary function for the out-gridview button
Create error checking if no results are found from the original Get-ADUser query

The Form should look something similar based on the code provided in Part 2

In Part 2, we used

Textbox1
Button1
Datagridview1

I’ll be covering element 3 (Button2) – “Search output to out-gridview” in this post. I’ll also be doing some error-checking in the event that there are no results to display.

In Part 2, we used this piece of code to output the results of the query into the datagridview:

Function ADSearch {
$wc = ‘*’ 
$Namesearch = $wc + $textbox2.text + $wc 
$results= get-Aduser -Filter {name -like $Namesearch} -Server $Server -Credential $Credential 
$DataGridView1.DataSource = [System.Collections.ArrayList]([System.Object[]](,$results | Sort-Object SamAccountName, Name))
}

Now, we’re going to configure that button to use the powershell utility out-gridview. If you’re not familiar with this command, it’s super handy for many reasons.

Below is the code, with the highlighted portions that pertain to the functionality of Button2, and function ADSearch2.

$results = $null #reset the $results variable each run 
$server = "10.0.0.101"
$Credential = "dtab\administrator"

Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
[System.Windows.Forms.Application]::EnableVisualStyles()

$Form                            = New-Object system.Windows.Forms.Form
$Form.ClientSize                 = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(400,389)
$Form.text                       = "Form"
$Form.TopMost                    = $false

$Button1                         = New-Object system.Windows.Forms.Button
$Button1.text                    = "Search for User"
$Button1.width                   = 124
$Button1.height                  = 30
$Button1.location                = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(41,52)
$Button1.Font                    = New-Object System.Drawing.Font('Microsoft Sans Serif',10)
<#-----Calls a function 'ADSearch'-------#>
$Button1.Add_MouseClick({ADSearch($Textbox2.text)}) 

$TextBox2                        = New-Object system.Windows.Forms.TextBox
$TextBox2.multiline              = $false
$TextBox2.text                   = "Enter User to search here"
$TextBox2.width                  = 247
$TextBox2.height                 = 20
$TextBox2.location               = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(91,23)
$TextBox2.Font                   = New-Object System.Drawing.Font('Microsoft Sans Serif',10)

$DataGridView1                   = New-Object system.Windows.Forms.DataGridView
$DataGridView1.width             = 376
$DataGridView1.height            = 282
$DataGridView1.location          = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(12,94)

$Button2                         = New-Object system.Windows.Forms.Button
$Button2.text                    = "Search output to out-gridview"
$Button2.width                   = 206
$Button2.height                  = 30
$Button2.location                = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(182,52)
$Button2.Font                    = New-Object System.Drawing.Font('Microsoft Sans Serif',10)
$Button2.Add_MouseClick({ADSearch2($Textbox2.text)}) 

$Form.controls.AddRange(@(
        $TextBox2
        $Button1,
        $Button2,
        $DataGridView1
        ))

[system.windows.forms.application]::run($form) #Runs form with runtimes - this is a trial and error thing

Function ADSearch {
        <#------function 'ADSearch' runs Get-ADUser query, stores into $results variable------#>
        $wc = '*' #Wildcard character to assist with the text search
        $Namesearch = $wc + $textbox2.text + $wc #appends the wildcard characters to the search, infront and behind, stores into the $NameSearch Variable
        $results= get-Aduser -Filter {name -like $Namesearch} -Server $Server -Credential $Credential #This is the Query itself

        $number = $results.count #Count the number of results found
        display_results($results) #call function with results found
}

Function ADSearch2{
        $wc = '*' #Wildcard character to assist with the text search
        $Namesearch = $wc + $textbox2.text + $wc #appends the wildcard characters to the search, infront and behind, stores into the $NameSearch Variable
        $results= get-Aduser -Filter {name -like $Namesearch} -Server $Server -Credential $Credential #This is the Query itself

        $number = $results.count #Count the number of results found
        display_results2($results) #call function with results found
}

function display_results{
        if ($results -ne $null){
            #if results found, display in out-grid
            $DataGridView1.DataSource = [System.Collections.ArrayList]([System.Object[]](,$results | Sort-Object SamAccountName, Name))
        }
        else{
            #if no results found, display error message
            [System.Windows.MessageBox]::Show('No results found')
        }
}

function display_results2{
        if ($results -ne $null){
            #if results found, display in out-grid
            $results | out-gridview
        }
        else{
            #if no results found, display error message
            [System.Windows.MessageBox]::Show('No results found')
        }
}

Line 41, this calls the ADSearch2 function, with the input from textbox2.

$Button2.Add_MouseClick({ADSearch2($Textbox2.text)})

Lines 62 – 69, this is the ADSearch2 function. Notice though, how it only captures it into the $result variable. We also count the number of results found and store that into $Number. This is where error-checking comes in.

Function ADSearch2{
        $wc = '*' #Wildcard character to assist with the text search
        $Namesearch = $wc + $textbox2.text + $wc #appends the wildcard characters to the search, infront and behind, stores into the $NameSearch Variable
        $results= get-Aduser -Filter {name -like $Namesearch} -Server $Server -Credential $Credential #This is the Query itself
 
        $number = $results.count #Count the number of results found
        display_results2($results) #call function with results found
}

Lines 82 – 90, is the function that checks the amount of results and either shows the results, or displays ‘No results found’ in a popup box. That ‘if’ statement below looks at the number of results. If it’s Zero, it’s a Null Value. If it’s a Null Value, it goes into the ‘Else’ portion.

function display_results2{
        if ($results -ne $null){
            #if results found, display in out-grid
            $results | out-gridview
        }
        else{
            #if no results found, display error message
            [System.Windows.MessageBox]::Show('No results found')
        }
}

This line does the output into that out-gridview I mentioned earlier.

    $results | out-gridview

The out-gridview displays into it’s own separate window. Now, the beauty of this window is that it can be resized, filtered, copied and sorted.

Now, this code is not complete by any means. But it’s working and suits our needs for now. Ideally, the functions can be rewritten with more efficient code, perhaps a case statement. But for now, we have a working GUI that can do a simple search of users within an AD environment, output to an embedded Grid, or output to an external powershell utility in gridviewer. If there’s any improvements, I’m certainly open to doing more, or seeing what the I.T Blogging community has in store.

└ Tags: Active Directory, Get-ADUser, how-to, Microsoft, PowerShell, PowerShell GUI

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Creating your first Powershell GUI – Part 2

by Dexter on September 21, 2020 at 13:28

Posted In: IT Blog

Already seen this part? Check out Part 1, Part 2, and Part3

In part 1, we covered the very basics. A one-line Get-ADUser query, a simple form with one button and output textbox.

In this entry, we’ll add more functionality that:

Captures input from the GUI
Outputs specific information
Makes use of variables

If you remember, we started off with this form:

Form
Search up "Rick"
Results show up here

Simple winform with a button, a textbox, and a function.

Now, we’re going to take input from a user, and display the output to a datagridview instead of a textbox. A textbox is usually fine for output, but with a Get-ADUser query, there are multiple fields we usually want to look at. Text boxes don’t do text wrapping very well, and the output is kind of messy. Also in using a grid, it neatly sorts everything based on some criteria we create.

Here’s a sample of what the box looks like afterwards in PoshGUI:

I’ve labelled each major component, and listing the names in the Powershell code for easier reference:

Textbox1 = This is the input from the end user. Or more accurately, we’ll be capturing the ‘text’, in the form of $textbox1.text into a variable, and using that in our Get-ADUser search parameter.
Button1 = This executes the search query with the captured text from textbox1. The output from this will go into the 4th component: the datagridview.
Button2 = This will execute the exact same search, but outputs it to an external gridviewer. I’ll go through some of the pro’s and con’s of this method later.
Datagridview1 = output of Get-Aduser shows up here.

As I stated earlier, a textbox is usually fine for some simple output. A datagridview is handy since it puts all the results into columns that are resizable, sortable and we can copy directly from it. I listed two different ways to use grid form with Button 2 and the Datagridview1. I’ll cover more about what each does soon.

Below is the completed source code that:

Makes use of the “search for User” button (AKA, ‘$button1’)
Takes input from the textbox (AKA, ‘$Textbox2.text’)
Uses a function ‘ADSearch’ which we defined the parameters
Ouputs the result to a gridview embedded into the form.

I’ll go into more detail about the Gridviewer output, the variables, then we’ll create some code for error checking.

$results = $null #reset the $results variable each run
$server = “10.0.0.101”
$Credential = “contoso.com\administrator”

Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
[System.Windows.Forms.Application]::EnableVisualStyles()

$Form = New-Object system.Windows.Forms.Form
$Form.ClientSize = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(400,389)
$Form.text = “Form”
$Form.TopMost = $false

$Button1 = New-Object system.Windows.Forms.Button
$Button1.text = “Search for User”
$Button1.width = 124
$Button1.height = 30
$Button1.location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(41,52)
$Button1.Font = New-Object System.Drawing.Font(‘Microsoft Sans Serif’,10)
<#—–Calls a function ‘ADSearch’——-#>
$Button1.Add_MouseClick({ADSearch($Textbox2.text)})

$TextBox2 = New-Object system.Windows.Forms.TextBox
$TextBox2.multiline = $false
$TextBox2.text = “Enter User to search here”
$TextBox2.width = 247
$TextBox2.height = 20
$TextBox2.location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(91,23)
$TextBox2.Font = New-Object System.Drawing.Font(‘Microsoft Sans Serif’,10)

$DataGridView1 = New-Object system.Windows.Forms.DataGridView
$DataGridView1.width = 376
$DataGridView1.height = 282
$DataGridView1.location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(12,94)

$Button2 = New-Object system.Windows.Forms.Button
$Button2.text = “Search output to out-gridview”
$Button2.width = 206
$Button2.height = 30
$Button2.location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(182,52)
$Button2.Font = New-Object System.Drawing.Font(‘Microsoft Sans Serif’,10)

$Form.controls.AddRange(@(
			$TextBox2
			$Button1,
			$Button2,
			$DataGridView1
))

[system.windows.forms.application]::run($form) #Runs form with runtimes – this is a trial and error thing

Function ADSearch {
<#——function ‘ADSearch’ runs Get-ADUser query, stores into $results variable——#>
$wc = ‘*’ #Wildcard character to assist with the text search
$Namesearch = $wc + $textbox2.text + $wc #appends the wildcard characters to the search, infront and behind, stores into the $NameSearch Variable
$results= get-Aduser -Filter {name -like $Namesearch} -Server $Server -Credential $Credential #This is the Query itself
<#—–Display output to the embedded DataGridView——-#>
$DataGridView1.DataSource = [System.Collections.ArrayList]([System.Object[]](,$results | Sort-Object SamAccountName, Name))
}

Let’s look at the variables:

$results = $null #reset the $results variable each run
$server = "10.0.0.101"
$Credential = "contoso.com\administrator"

This will come in handy later when we call the Get-ADUser query. By passing variables, it becomes a little easier to change the script to fit our needs. Especially if you’re dealing with credentials or domains.

Now let’s look at the datagridview:

$DataGridView1.DataSource = [System.Collections.ArrayList]([System.Object[]](,$results | Sort-Object SamAccountName, Name))

Breaking down each component:

$DataGridView1.DataSource

This is the datagriviewd itself. By default it’s already in a neatly arranged set of columns and rows. Makes sense when we use it for a large amount of data with multiple fields. Makes for easier parsing if we’re looking for something.

[System.Collections.ArrayList]([System.Object[]]

Since the Datagrid arranges the data, we need to store the information into an array. If we didn’t, it would all be string information. Some data does not translate into string information nicely (such as ‘account enabled’, which would just translate to a 1 or a 0).

(,$results

An array by default starts with a ‘0’ (zero) value. To display the results of the AD search, we stored it into the $results variable. By putting the comma in front “,” this tells the array to display all the contents from the beginning of the array.

| Sort-Object SamAccountName, Name))

The Pipe and Sort-Object commands sort the values accordingly by SamAccountName, then by Name. These values were imported by the original get-aduser command. You could actually list this by any value that get-Aduser is able to pull, such as ‘displayname’, ’email’, etc…

Read up on Part3 of this tutorial, where I’ll be adding an error checking ability, as well as using the other button for a different style of output.

└ Tags: Active Directory, Get-ADUser, how-to, Microsoft, PowerShell, PowerShell GUI

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Creating your first Powershell GUI – Part 1

by Dexter on September 20, 2020 at 09:41

Posted In: IT Blog

Already seen this part? Check out Part 1, Part 2, and Part3

Powershell, while a powerful tool can sometimes lack that person touch that a GUI interface offers. Console output is fine and dandy, but there are times when parsing through a large amount of data can be done with a GUI and some simple commands.

From here, I’m going to assume you know the basics. Such as awareness of the get-executionpolicy and set-executionpolicy commands, and a little knowledge of PowerShell ISE.

The Setup

Windows 10
PowerShell ISE
https://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/download/details.aspx?id=45520
A working Domain with read access
POSHGUI.com website

I’m doing this with my home lab from a non-domain computer. Which means I’ll be using some credential switches you may not need.

For this example, we’ll take something simple, like

Get-ADUser

Get-ADUser gets a user object or searches to get multiple user objects from Active Directory. To keep this simple, we’ll have it search up a name. You’ll get the idea of what I’m doing and how we can keep it somewhat simple.

First, we’ll get a simple query working. Let’s search for a user named ‘Rick’

get-Aduser -Filter {name -like '*rick*' } -Server 10.0.0.101 -Credential "contoso.com\administrator"

Explanation of the above query:

-Filter {name -like '*rick*'}

Search for a username using wildcards in-front and behind of name we’re looking for.

-Server 10.0.0.101

Look at a specific Domain controller. Since this is on a different subnet for me, I’m specifying it by IP. You can simply use the hostname of the domain controller, or you can use “-SearchBase” and plug in the domain name itself.

-Credential "contoso.com\Administrator"

Provide a specific set of credentials with read access to the domain. Since I’m issuing these commands from an non-domain machine, this is handy for me in the testing phase.

Put this or something very close to this into PowerShell ISE. Highlight the code and hit F8 to run the selection. This just ensures you have something to search for. Obviously, I chose ‘Rick’ because that name exists in my Domain, you’ll have to pick or create one to search.

So now we have the format of the query, how can we turn it into a GUI?

Visit POSHGUI.com. This is a free website that creates the Powershell forms for you. All you need to do is create the code to plunk in. Goto WinForms Designer.

Now on the form drag a button and a text box. For this example, we’ll want the text box a little bigger – which means in the ‘behavior’ section, we need multi-line. You should have something similar to the below:

I kept the default values for each. They should be button1 and textbox1 respectively from here on.

What we want to happen: When pressing ‘Search Up “Rick”‘ button, the results should show in the text box below.

In PoshGUI click on the ‘Code’ button. This creates the entire form with coordinates, arguments and ranges.

1 • This form was created using POSÆU1.co•
. NAME
unti t led
Add-Type -AssemblyNsme System Windous.Forns
a free online gui designer for Power-shell
[System. Windows . Forms . Application] : : EnableVisuaIStyIes()
SForn. Clientsize
SFcrn. text
11
SFcrn. Topmost
12
S Buttonl
14
ss uttcnl. text
IS
SS uttcnl.nidth
IS
SSuttcn1. height
17
SButtcn1. location
IS
SButtcn1. Font
19
STexteox1
21
SText20x1. multi line
22
STexteox1. text
23
STexteox1. nidth
24
SText20x1. height
STexteox1. location
STexteox1. Font
27
29
Object
Yeu Object
- "Form"
Sfalse
Object
"Search up
Object
Object
Object
St rue
system .Windous . Forms . Form
system. Windows . Forms . Button
'"Rick'
System. Drawing. Point(é2, 14)
System.orauing. Font( •microsoft Sans Serif' , le)
system. Windows . Forms . TextBox
"Results show up here"
Object System.orawing.
Object System.orauing. Font( •microsoft Sans Serif' , le)
ST extBox1

The above is a screenshot, I’ve added my code below with some additional explanation in between the comments.

$results = $null #reset the $results variable each run

Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms

[System.Windows.Forms.Application]::EnableVisualStyles()
$Form = New-Object system.Windows.Forms.Form
$Form.ClientSize = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(400,324)
$Form.text = “Form”
$Form.TopMost = $false

$Button1 = New-Object system.Windows.Forms.Button
$Button1.text = “Search up `”Rick`””
$Button1.width = 253
$Button1.height = 30
$Button1.location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(62,14)
$Button1.Font = New-Object System.Drawing.Font(‘Microsoft Sans Serif’,10)
<#—–Calls a function ‘ADSearch’——-#>
$Button1.Add_MouseClick({ADSearch})

$TextBox1 = New-Object system.Windows.Forms.TextBox
$TextBox1.multiline = $true
$TextBox1.text = “Results show up here”
$TextBox1.width = 338
$TextBox1.height = 261
$TextBox1.location = New-Object System.Drawing.Point(26,57)
$TextBox1.Font = New-Object System.Drawing.Font(‘Microsoft Sans Serif’,10)

$Form.controls.AddRange(@($Button1,$TextBox1))

[system.windows.forms.application]::run($form) #Runs form with runtimes – this is a trial and error thing

Function ADSearch {
<#——function ‘ADSearch’ runs Get-ADUser query, stores into $results variable——#>

$results= get-Aduser -Filter {name -like ‘*rick*’ } -Server 10.0.0.101 -Credential “contoso.com\administrator”

<#—–Display output to $Textbox1.text——-#>
$TextBox1.text = $results

}

Copy and paste that code, edit the query to whatever name exists in your Domain, and the IP to match whatever domain IP you have. Hit F5 to run the script, and you should see something similar.

Click the Mouse Button, enter your domain credentials and the results display:

And that’s about it! It’s a simple script, and shows some of the very simple ways to display information in a GUI. This only needs PowerShell ISE, PoshGUI, and some curiosity.

If you want to make this a little fancier, take input from a user, and display specific information, join me for Part 2.

└ Tags: Active Directory, Get-ADUser, how-to, Microsoft, PowerShell, PowerShell GUI

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Ubuntu – Add Google 2FA for SSH

by Dexter on September 18, 2020 at 16:18

Posted In: IT Blog

The Setup

Host: Ubuntu 18.04 “Bionic Beaver” release
Software: Google Chrome

Original article found on linuxbabe

Super handy, and secure way to ssh into your Linux Box at home. This uses the Android Google Authenticator for the QR code, generated right in the SSH window. And you get the added bonus of 6 one-time use codes to use.

To start, SSH into your Unbuntu computer as root.

$ sudo apt install libpam-google-authenticator

Then run the google-authenticator command to create a new secret key in your home directory.

$ google-authenticator

When asked:

Do you want Authentications to be time-based (y/n)

Answer Y!

The QR code should display in the SSH window, ideally you want to scan this into your Google Authenticator. Other sources point out that FreeOTP (developed by RedHat can serve the same purpose)

once scanned into your mobile Google Authenticator, you it should show as a new entry.

Configure SSH daemon to use google authenticator

$ sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Add in:

UsePAM yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes

Save file

$ sudo systemctl restart ssh
$ sudo nano /etc/pam.d/sshd

Add the lines

@include common-auth
Auth required pam_google_authenticator.so

Save the file!

Now anytime you connect to your SSH terminal to this server, you’ll receive the 2FA push

└ Tags: google authenticator, how-to, IT, ubuntu

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Ubuntu Chrome Remote Desktop configuration

by Dexter on September 18, 2020 at 15:58

Posted In: IT Blog

The Setup

Host: Ubuntu 18.04 “Bionic Beaver” release
Software: Google Chrome

I thought this was weird: I couldn’t actually download the Chrome browser. Couldn’t do it from firefox (the Ubuntu default), or chromium (the open-source O.G Chrome package). I thought that was sort of weird. Like Ubuntu linux didn’t support it or something. This means it’s simply not available in the Ubuntu software repository.

There are lots of guides of “how to install chrome” onto Ubuntu. I’ve compiled that here, as well as how to install and configure Chrome Remote Desktop.

Install Google Chrome From SSH shell:

wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

Once installed, own the CHROME browser directly to https://remotedesktop.google.com. This will add the Chrome Remote Desktop Extension directly to Chrome for you.
Install the Extension
When asked, choose a PIN for your desktop

This is the part of the blog where you think everything works. Not in this case. I kept getting this error:

I thought, maybe it’s because I didn’t add myself to the chrome remote desktop users group.

$ sudo usermod -a -G chrome-remote-desktop my_user_name

At this point, I decided to reboot for good measure.

After reboot, the Chrome Remote desktop was now in the applications

Although I still couldn’t connect from another host, still times out. Kept giving me errors that the startdaemon wasn’t starting properly.

With some help from monkey patching, I eventually got it working. Here’s the steps broken down:

Stop Chrome Remote Desktop

$ /opt/google/chrome-remote-desktop/chrome-remote-desktop --stop

Backup the original configuration

$ sudo cp /opt/google/chrome-remote-desktop/chrome-remote-desktop /opt/google/chrome-remote-desktop/chrome-remote-desktop.orig

Edit the config file with nano (or whatever editor you prefer)

$ nano /opt/google/chrome-remote-desktop/chrome-remote-desktop

Find DEFAULT_SIZES and amend to the remote desktop resolution. For Example:

DEFAULT_SIZES = "1920x1080"

In my case, I set it to “1920×1200,3840×2400” since the desktop had dual-monitors.

Set the X display number to the current display number (obtain it with echo $DISPLAY from any terminal). On Ubuntu 17.10 and lower, this is usually 0, and on Ubuntu 18.04, this is usually 1:

FIRST_X_DISPLAY_NUMBER = 1

Change it to “20”.

FIRST_X_DISPLAY_NUMBER = 20.

In my case, it happened to be 1.

Comment out sections that look for additional displays:

#while os.path.exists(X_LOCK_FILE_TEMPLATE % display):
<p><code># display += 1

Reuse the existing X session instead of launching a new one. Alter launch_session() by commenting out launch_x_server() and launch_x_session() and instead setting the display environment variable, so that the function definition ultimately looks like the following:

def launch_session(self, x_args):
self._init_child_env()
self._setup_pulseaudio()
self._setup_gnubby()
#self._launch_x_server(x_args)
#self._launch_x_session()
display = self.get_unused_display_number()
self.child_env[“DISPLAY”] = “:%d” % display

Save and exit the editor. Start Chrome Remote Desktop:

Sudo /opt/google/chrome-remote-desktop/chrome-remote-desktop --start

On a VM, this seems to fail. BUT on a physical box, i’m connected to it even as I write this without any issues.

Just have to get used to picking what session you want, Xsession, and I think the other was was regular ‘ubuntu’ session or something. Has to do with the different environments, one environment is strictly for when you’re sitting physically in front of the computer, the other is the remote session stuff over things like VNC.

Remoting in from external shows this on first boot up:

Once you select the session, that’s the same session you connect in with every time.

I’ve been using the 2nd option – “Ubuntu”

Breakdown of each option:

(default) – launch the default Xsession. This looks the same as “ubuntu” session. All the windows look the same, and the same settings seem to apply.

Ubuntu – I use this most often, looks like VNC ties to this instance too. Actually, I think the above selection (default) is just whatever you pick between ‘ubuntu’ session and ‘unity’ session.

Unity – looks like a completely different OS. The icons are different, the experience, everything. This appears to be a graphical interface of sorts, sort of like the flavors of KDE or GNOME.

There you have it, you now have a functioning Chrome Remote Desktop to your Ubuntu Box.

└ Tags: chrome remote desktop, how-to, IT, ubuntu

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